LEGAL STATUS OF EMBRYO GENE-EDITING IN SPAIN IN THE LIGHT OF CONTROVERSIAL PRACTICES INVOLVING HUMAN GERMLINE
Palavras-chave:
Gene editing, Germline modification, Bioethics
Resumo
This article examines the controversial insertion of primate DNA into human embryos at a Chinese research center, led by scientist Juan Carlos Izpisua. The creation of a human-monkey "chimera" for studying early embryonic development raises significant ethical and bioethical questions, particularly regarding gene editing technologies such as CRISPR. The article explores the impact of these techniques on precise genome modification, considering their ethical and regulatory implications. It suggests a discussion on the potential for a moratorium on experiments altering the human germline, especially in light of contentious events such as the birth of genetically edited twins in China. Legal challenges, Spanish and EU legislation, and issues related to donor anonymity and privacy are also analyzed. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need for more robust regulations in response to the rapid advancement of gene editing.
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DELANEY, N. Sheila Jasanoff wants society to reclaim the meaning of life. Harvard Kennedy School, Summer 2019. URL: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/policy-topics/science-technology-data/democracy-science-sheila-jasanoff-wants.
DIEULIIS, D.; GIORDANO, J. Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9: implications for dual-use and biosecurity. Protein Cell, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2018, pp. 239–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-017-0493-4.
DOUDNA, J. CRISPR’s unwanted anniversary. Science, Vol. 366, Issue 6467, November 15, 2019, p. 777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba1751.
DOUDNA, J. My whirlwind year with CRISPR. Nature, Vol. 528, 24-31 December 2015, p. 469.
DOUDNA, J. The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing. Nature, Vol. 578, February 13, 2020, p. 229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1978-5.
HUNDLEBY, P. A. C.; HARWOOD, W. A. Impacts of the EU GMO regulatory framework for plant genome editing. Wiley Online Library, Volume 8, Issue 2, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.161.
ISHINO, Y. et al. History of CRISPR-Cas from Encounter with a Mysterious Repeated Sequence to Genome Editing Technology. Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 200, No. 7, 1 April 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00580-17.
JASANOFF, S.; HURLBUT, B. A global observatory for gene editing. Nature, Vol. 455, March 2018, p. 435.
LARRION, J. La resistencia a las razones de Pusztai. El conocimiento y la incertidumbre en la polémica sobre los organismos modificados genéticamente.Política y
Sociedad, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2010, pp. 215-230. URL: https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/POSO/article/view/POSO1010130215A.
LE PAGE, M. The second great food war. New Scientist, July 7, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(18)31203-X.
LINDMIER, C. Statement on governance and oversight of human genome editing. World Health Organization, July 2019. URL: https://www.who.int/news/item/26-07-2019-statement-on-governance-and-oversight-of-human-genome-editing.
MAKAROVA, K. W. et al. An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems. Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 13, 2019, pp. 722–736.
MANZONI, C. et al. Genome, transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences. Brief Bioinform, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2018, pp. 286–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbw114.
MOJICA, F. J. M. et al. Transcription at different salinities of Haloferax mediterranei sequences adjacent to partially modified PstI sites. Mol. Microbiol., Vol. 9, 1993, pp. 613-621.
PARK, A. Scientists Report Creating the First Embryo with Human and Non-Human Primate Cells. Time, April 15, 2021.
RICROCH, A. et al. The ethical concerns about transgenic crops. Biochemical Journal, Vol. 475, 2018, pp. 803–811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20170794.
SIKORA, P. et al. Mutagenesis as a Tool in Plant Genetics, Functional Genomics, and Breeding. International Journal of Plant Genomics, January 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/314829.
WHITWORTH, K. M. et al. Resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase N-deficient pigs. Transgenic Res, Vol. 28, Issue 1, 2019, pp. 21–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-018-0100-3.
ZAMAN, Q. U. et al. Genome editing opens a new era of genetic improvement in polyploid crops. The Crop Journal, Volume 7, Issue 2, 2019, Pages 141-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2018.07.004.
Publicado
2023-12-31
